In Britain, and the rest of Europe, a Group One race is a horse race of the highest calibre, as designated by the European Pattern Committee. Group One races include some of the most prestigious, valuable and historic races in Britain, over distances between 5 furlongs and 2 miles 4 furlongs, on Grade One racecourses, such as Ascot, Newmarket and York.
Some Group One races, such as the ‘Classic’ races – that is, the 1,000 Guineas, 2,000 Guineas, Oaks, Derby and St. Leger – are restricted to certain age groups and others, such as the Nassau Stakes and Sun Chariot Stakes, are restricted to a specific gender. However, generally speaking, horses of the same age and gender compete at level weights in Group One races, with weight-for-age and weight-for-sex allowances for three-year-olds competing against older horses and fillies and mares racing against colts and geldings, respectively.
Of course, Group One races can occasionally be downgraded; to maintain Group One status, over a three-year period, the average official rating of the first four horses home in the race in question must be 115, or more. From 2018, in Group One races, other than two-year-old races, in Britain, a horse must have achieved an official rating of 80 to be allowed to run in the first place.
I dare say any number of horses have been called a few ‘choice’ names in their time but, ‘officially’, Weatherbys – which administers horse racing under contract from the governing body, known as the British Horseracing Authority (BHA) – has various rules regarding what you can, and can’t, call a racehorse.
Each racehorse must be registered with a unique name or, in other words, a name that is not on the ‘protected’ list, e.g. Frankel, or registered to another horse. The name cannot even sound the same, or similar, to one on the protected list or one registered to another horse within the last ten years. Beyond that, the name must start with a letter and contain no more than 18 characters, including spaces, no punctuation marks, except apostrophes, and no more than seven syllables.
Vulgarity is frowned upon by Weatherbys, as is any name that may cause offence, to anyone, or confusion, in the day-to-day administration of horse racing or betting on the sport. If you want to name a horse after a living person, or one who has been dead for less than 50 years, you need to seek permission from that person, or their family. Even if a particular name is listed as ‘available’ it is still subject to approval by the BHA and will, almost certainly, be rejected if it contravenes any of the naming rules.
The very simple answer to this question is yes they can. A successful racehorse can win a great deal of prize money during its career. But that’s not the end of its ability to make cash for its owners. Once a racehorse has retired, it can go to a stud farm and be even more financially lucrative.
Success follows in the family
When you next check out the form of a horse you fancy backing with the bookmakers, don’t just look at how they got on in their last race or two. Look at the breeding because that is an important part of horse racing. It’s the same in other sports. For example, the England cricket team has Stuart Broad and Johnny Bairstow, both whose fathers also represented cricket. The phrase ‘it’s in the genes’ is one to use here. A successful horse can breed others that will follow in its footsteps and have highly profitable careers.
Most of the horses that enjoy success over the flat only race for a few years before retiring. After winning big races, their stud value will rise. Rather than going on for another year and perhaps tarnishing their reputation, owners can retire them and send them off to the stud farm.
Top stallion on and off the track
Sea the Stars is a prime example of how much money can be made at stud. His career is regarded as one of the most successful stallions ever. Wins came in the 2000 Guineas, the Derby and the Eclipse Stakes. A win in the Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe followed, but it wasn’t a great surprise that he was so successful. Sea the Stars is a half-brother to Galileo who also won the Derby and both are sons of Urban Sea who won the Arc.
With that kind of family history and success on the track, it’s no surprise that there’s a big queue at stud for Sea of Stars. He’s expected to cover (so much nicer than saying ‘have sex with’) at least 100 mares a year.
The owner of the mare currently must pay $150,000 (around £115,000) for this to happen, but if a successful horse is bred, that could turn out to be a fantastic piece of business. His racing career saw Sea the Stars earn just over £4m, so his time at stud is going to raise a considerably higher amount. He could be covering mares for well over a decade!
Tiger on a Roll
It’s not just horses that race over the flat that can go to stud. Tiger Roll has won the last two Grand Nationals. He bids for a historic hat-trick this year. He’s the current 5/1 Grand National favourite at many of the bookies, who know a thing or two about a horse’s pedigree. If he does win the National again, it’s likely to be the end of his career and he could well head off to stud to make even more money for his owners.
Frankel keeps on delivering
You don’t have to be a winner of the Derby or the Arc to make millions at stud. Frankel bagged just under £3m in a career that saw him win all 14 of his races. His victory in the 2000 Guineas was one of ten Group 1 race wins. Frankel was never tried at the mile and a half distance of the Derby but by the time he retired, had become the horse with the highest ever rating. No wonder a figure of $175,000 (£135,000) can be charged at stud. He’ll make far more money off the track than he ever did on it.
Those fees can increase in time if the resultant racehorses go on to be successful. That’s been the case with Sea the Stars with several classic winners being bred. 2014 saw Taghrooda win the Oaks and the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes. The 2016 Derby was won by Harzand whose sire was Sea the Stars, so going to stud and paying to have your mare serviced by Sea the Stars can be well worth it.
Current stars can do the same
A horse such as Anthony van Dyck (who also has Galileo as his sire) who won the 2019 Derby can be expected to head off to the stud farm when retiring and make even more money.
The current favourite for this year’s 2000 Guineas is Pinatubo, just 11/10 at and 6/1 to win the Derby. Unbeaten last year in five races, he was rated the best two-year-old in 25 years. A successful career as a three-year-old would see his stud farm value rocket. So, when you back top horses this year, don’t be surprised if, in a few years, you’ll be backing their offspring at the bookies, too.
Historically, the Cheltenham Racecourse Committee always insisted that the addition of a fifth day to the Cheltenham Festival, which was extended from three to four days in 2005, was not on the agenda. However, in an interview with ITV Racing, Martin St. Quinton, who was appointed Chairman of the Cheltenham Racecourse Committee by Jockey Club Racecourses in May, 2019, stated, ‘I wouldn’t rule anything in, but I wouldn’t rule anything out’, rekindling press interest in a five-day Festival.
Indeed, Willie Mullins, the most successful trainer in the history of the Cheltenham Festival, with 65 winners to his name, dismissed speculation as merely ‘a press thing’. He told the Irish Times, ‘You would be talking about filling up on handicaps, which devalues the whole thing, I think’. Nevertheless, the Cheltenham Festival currently consists of four days with seven races on each day or, in other words, a total of 28 races. Other high-profile trainers, including Philip Hobbs, argue that, if six, rather than seven, races were staged on each day, just two extra races would need to be added to create a five-day programme. In fact, an additional Grade Two mares’ steeplechase is due to be introduced to the Festival programme in 2021, in which case just one extra race would be needed to create five, six-race cards.
One popular suggestion for an extra race is a Grade One hurdle over the intermediate distance of two-and-a-half miles, which seems logical enough granted that similar contests – namely the David Nicholson Mares’ Hurdle, Ballymore Novices’ Hurdle, Marsh Chase and Ryanair Chase – already exist for all the other divisions of National Hunt racing. Opponents of such a race argue that it would dilute the quality of existing ‘championship’ races, such as the Champion Hurdle and Stayers’ Hurdle.
Nevertheless, the reduction in the maximum stake allowed on fixed-odds betting terminals, from £100 to £2, implemented in April 2019, has led to a spate of betting shop closures, with a knock-on effect on horse racing prize money. In difficult times, a five-day Cheltenham Festival would generate extra revenue so, like it or not, Martin St. Quinton may be subject to further scrutiny on the subject in due course. It would also of course increase the number of betting opportunities going forward, and there will be no shortage of tips for Cheltenham 2020, that’s for sure.
At RacingQuestions.co.uk we’re always looking to hear your input too. So what’s your take on a five day Cheltemham Festival? Is the existing and long standing four day format the way to go (in an ‘if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’ approach) and do you share Phillip Hobbs outlook that it wouldn’t take a great deal of alteration to change the current format? Or perhaps Mullins concerns about a potential watering down of the quality on offer offers pause for thought? As recently as January 2020 Best Mate’s trainer Hen Knight shared these sentiments, saying a five day festival would “lose the quality”.
I’m sure we’ll all soon be watching every second of the 2020 Cheltenham Festival and so it’s as good a time as any to ponder these questions. Whatever your view, feel free to let us know and of course it goes without saying that if you have any burning racing questions that you want answering fire those our way too!